Anxiety

Open Access Article

1 - The Moderating Role of Interal-External Locus of Control in the Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Social Anxiety in Adolescents
Seyed Valliollah Mousavi Sajjad Rezaei Setareh Atefi Karajvandani Hamid Javanparast

The present study aims to investigate the mediator role of locus of control in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents. The statistical population included all male and female students of studying in state and non-state high More

The present study aims to investigate the mediator role of locus of control in the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents. The statistical population included all male and female students of studying in state and non-state high schools in Rasht District 1 in the academic year 2015-16. In a cross-sectional cluster sampling selected 400 students and responded to Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), Yang Maladaptive Schemas Questionnaire and Rutter Locus of Control Scale. The collected data were analyzed by using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, Mediation hierarchical regression analysis with Baron and Kenny method. Pearson correlation analyses indicate a significant positive relationship between schemas of Disconnection/Rejection domain, Impaired Autonomy and/or Performance domain, Impaired Limits domain, Other-Directedness domain, Overvigilance/Inhibition domain and social anxiety, with values of 0.60, 0.55, 0.39, 0.54, 0.50 respectively. The results also revealed that this association, locus of control is not capable to modifying of the relationship between social anxiety and early maladaptive schemas (in any of domains). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Comparison of the Brain/Behavioral Systems and Defense Mechanisms in Participants with Depression and Anxiety Traits
Marzie Pahlevan Mazandarani Parviz Azadfallah Seyyed Mojtaba Jazayeri

In this research investigates the biological and non-biological dimensions of personality in order to differentiate depression and anxiety in a more exact way and present an integrative and comprehensive view of the two dimensions.

In this research investigates the biological and non-biological dimensions of personality in order to differentiate depression and anxiety in a more exact way and present an integrative and comprehensive view of the two dimensions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The Mediating Role of Resilient in Relationship between Death Anxiety and General Health in Iraqi Immigrant Adolescents are Affected with ISIS War
Mansoureh Haj Hosseini Zhakaw Salim Ahmed Javad Ejei Zahra Naghsh

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between death anxiety and general health. The method of this study was descriptive and in the framework of correlation of study of the path analysis. The populatio More

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between death anxiety and general health. The method of this study was descriptive and in the framework of correlation of study of the path analysis. The population was all adolescents aged 14 to 18 year olds living in Iraqi-ISIS war refugee camps located in the Dibegh Erbil district of Kurdistan, Iraq in 2017, (520, N) and were selected by simple random sampling and 219 adolescents were selected. The participants responded to the Death Anxiety Scale (Templer, 1970), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) (Goldberg and Hiller, 1979), and Resilience Scale (Connor and Davidson 1979-1991). The data was analysed through a path analysis correlation. Results confirmed the negative relationship between EA and resilience, showing the favorable fit of the pattern of the relationship between death anxiety and general health anxiety and the mediating role of resilience among them. According to the results, due to resilience, death anxiety of adolescents affected by war can be reduced and steps can be taken in improving their general health. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Structural relationship between sport mindfulness and emotion regulation strategies with athlets, competitive anxiety
parvin amin nezhad Rasool Zeidabadi Laleh Hamboshi Milad khojasteh moghani

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural relationships between sport mindfulness and competitive anxiety regarding mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. This research is descriptive and correlational. Two hundred volunteers from diff More

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural relationships between sport mindfulness and competitive anxiety regarding mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. This research is descriptive and correlational. Two hundred volunteers from different athlete from different teams and individuals participated in this research. Three questionnaires including sports mindfulness (Thienot et al 2014), Cognitive Emotional regulation (Garnefski et al 2002) and Competitive Anxiety (Cox et al 2003) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling method using Smart PLS 2.0 software. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between sports mindfulness with competitive anxiety of athletes. Also, the sport mindfulness through adaptive strategies of emotional regulation had a significant relationship with competitive anxiety of athletes. Overall, the findings of this study showed that special attention to the sport mindfulness is important. Because the sport mindfulness is not only directly, but indirectly could reduce the competitive anxiety of athletes by the increasing use of adaptive strategies of emotional regulation as a mediator variable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - The Role of Creating Flexible Patterns of Behavior through Value-Based Exposure in the Psychotherapy Process on Chronic Pain Reduction and Clinical Syndrome in Patients with Systemic Lupus
Ali Mohammad Rezaei Sharifi Tayyebeh Ahmad Ghazanfari Elham aflaki Mohammad jafar bahre dar

The purpose of the present study was to The Role of Creating Flexible Patterns of Behavior through Value-Based Exposure in the Psychotherapy Process on Chronic Pain Reduction and Clinical Syndrome in Patients with Systemic Lupus. The research method was quasi-experiment More

The purpose of the present study was to The Role of Creating Flexible Patterns of Behavior through Value-Based Exposure in the Psychotherapy Process on Chronic Pain Reduction and Clinical Syndrome in Patients with Systemic Lupus. The research method was quasi-experimental (pretest-posttest) with a 3-month follow-up period and a control group. For this purpose, 60 subjects were selected based on inclusion criteria and were selected by purposeful sampling in two intervention groups: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (20 patients), Compassionate Focus (20 patients) and Control (20 patients). To collect data, the Zong Anxiety Inventory (SAS) and Chronic Pain Questionnaire were used. Analysis of variance was performed by repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the intervention and acceptance-based intervention and compassion-focused intervention in chronic anxiety and pain and the control group in pre-test and post-test scores (P <0.001). Overall, the results of this study show that acceptance-based and commitment-based and compassion-based treatment modalities reduce anxiety and chronic pain in lupus patients. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - model of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder
masumeh shafiei فاطمه رضایی Massoud Sadeghi

The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 415 in More

The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 415 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder The statistical population of the study included 415 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. And questionnaires Neuroticism, interpersonal problems, Contrast Avoidance of Worry and generalized anxiety were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation and structural equation And wereanalyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. the results showed that The proposed model fits well. In this model, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry had a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. But Childhood Trauma and Emotional Contrast Avoidance did not have a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry also significantly mediated between neuroticism and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry significantly mediated between childhood trauma and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. According to the research findings, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are affected by childhood trauma, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Structural Relationship between Sport Mindfulness and Emotion Regulation Strategies with Athlets' Competitive Anxiety
Parvin Aminnezhad Rasool Zeidabadi Laleh Hamboshi Milad Khojasteh

20.1001.1.18808436.1399.24.3.5.2

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural relationship between sport mindfulness and competitive anxiety, and the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. Two hundred volunte More

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the structural relationship between sport mindfulness and competitive anxiety, and the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies. The method of this research was descriptive and correlational. Two hundred volunteers from different teams participated in this research. Sports Mindfulness Questionnaire (Thienot et al 2014), Cognitive Emotional Regulation Strategies Questionnaire (Garnefski et al 2002) and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory (Cox et al 2003) were used for data collection. Data were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method using Smart PLS 2.0 software. The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between sports mindfulness and competitive anxiety. Also, the sport mindfulness through adaptive strategies of emotional regulation had a significant relationship with competitive anxiety of athletes. Overall, the findings of this study showed that special attention to the sport mindfulness is important, because the sport mindfulness is not only directly, but also indirectly could reduce the competitive anxiety of athletes by increasing the use of adaptive strategies of emotional regulation as a mediator variable. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The Role of Creating Flexible Patterns of Behavior through Value-Based Exposure in the Psychotherapy Process
Ali Mohammad Rezaei Sharifi Tayyebeh Ahmad Ghazanfari Elham aflaki Mohammad jafar bahre dar

The aim of the present study was to establish flexible patterns of behavior through value-oriented exposure in the psychotherapeutic process to the reduction of chronic pain and clinical symptoms in patients with systemic lupus. The present research method was quasi-exp More

The aim of the present study was to establish flexible patterns of behavior through value-oriented exposure in the psychotherapeutic process to the reduction of chronic pain and clinical symptoms in patients with systemic lupus. The present research method was quasi-experimental (pre-test-post-test) with a three-month follow-up period and a control group. For this purpose, 60 subjects were selected based on the criteria for entering the study and were assigned by available sampling method in two groups of treatment based on acceptance and commitment (20 people), treatment focused on compassion (20 people) and one control group (20 people). Zong SAS Anxiety Questionnaire and Chronic Pain Questionnaire were used to collect information. To analyze the findings, the variance analysis method was used with repeated measurement and non-parametric follow-up tests of Bonfroni, Kalmograf-Smirnov and Krovit Machli. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two intervention groups of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and treatment focused on compassion on anxiety and chronic pain and the control group on pre-test-post-test scores (p <0.001). Overall, the results of this study show that treatment based on acceptance and commitment and compassion-focused therapy has an effect on reducing anxiety and chronic pain in lupus patients. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Model of Contrast Avoidance of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in People with Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Masumeh Shafiei فاطمه رضایی Masoud Sadeghi

The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 457 in More

The aim of this study was to develop a model of of contrast avoidance of Generalized anxiety disorder in people with symptoms of Generalized anxiety disorder. .The present study is a correlation of structural equation modeling, The statistical population included 457 individuals with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. And questionnaires Neuroticism, interpersonal problems, Contrast Avoidance of Worry and generalized anxiety were used. Data were analyzed using structural equation And were analyzed using AMOS and SPSS software. the results showed that The proposed model fits well. In this model, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry had a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. But Childhood Trauma and Emotional Contrast Avoidance did not have a direct and significant effect on the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry also significantly mediated between neuroticism and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and Interpersonal problems and Contrast Avoidance of Worry significantly mediated between childhood trauma and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. According to the research findings, the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder are affected by childhood trauma, neuroticism, interpersonal problems, and Contrast Avoidance of Worry. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Comparing the implicit and explicit associations of depression, anxiety and food attitudes in people with eating disorders and healthy people
susan alizadeh fard maryam zalizadeh Ahmad علیپور

20.1001.1.18808436.1401.26.3.1.2

Eating disorder is a complex psychiatric illness that is chronic and debilitating. In recent decades, the cognitive model of eating disorders has been at the forefront of theorizing, research, and treatment. New research uses two distinct theoretical models for explicit More

Eating disorder is a complex psychiatric illness that is chronic and debilitating. In recent decades, the cognitive model of eating disorders has been at the forefront of theorizing, research, and treatment. New research uses two distinct theoretical models for explicit and implicit information processing and evaluation. The aim of the present study was to compare the implicit and explicit associations of depression, anxiety and food attitudes in people with eating disorders and healthy people. The method of study is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population includes people with eating disorders in Tehran who have referred to medical and counseling centers in the first six months of 1399. The sampling method was cluster accessible and purposeful. The sample size was 300 people who were examined with SCL-90 questionnaires, Ahvaz Eating Disorder Inventory (Sharififard, 1998), Food Attitude Scale (Teachman et al., 2003) and computer-based task of implicit association test (Greenwald et al., 1998). Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance, which showed there is a significant difference between people with eating disorders and healthy people in explicit and implicit association of depression, in implicit association of anxiety, and in explicit association of eating attitudes. The results of regression analysis also showed that only explicit and implicit association of depression, and implicit association of anxiety can significantly predict eating disorder. These results confirm the role of implicit and explicit associations in the clinical field; and helps to better understand eating disorder, to be considered in the development of educational programs and psychological interventions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Normalization of the Cognitive Questionnaire about Body and Health (cabah)
فریده نرگسی farzad zandi alireza mokhberi maryam khadirzare

20.1001.1.18808436.1401.26.1.13.0

Dysfunctional beliefs about illness and physical symptoms have been identified as risk factors for health anxiety. The Body and Health Cognitions Questionnaire (CABAH) is one of the most comprehensive tools for measuring health cognition. The aim of this study was to st More

Dysfunctional beliefs about illness and physical symptoms have been identified as risk factors for health anxiety. The Body and Health Cognitions Questionnaire (CABAH) is one of the most comprehensive tools for measuring health cognition. The aim of this study was to standardize Questionnaire 30 of this questionnaire in Iran. The number of samples in this study included 869 male and female students with health anxiety in Sanandaj Azad University, Kurdistan University and Khorramabad University of Medical Sciences who were selected by convenience sampling. Were evaluated. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained by Cronbach's alpha method and the construct validity was obtained by confirmatory factor analysis using Lizrel software. The Cronbach's alpha value of the whole questionnaire is 0.80, which indicates the appropriate internal consistency of the questionnaire. Also, the correlation between two parallel forms in the halving test for the CABAH questionnaire was 0.61, which is also acceptable. Therefore, in general, it can be said that the CABAH questionnaire has good reliability and can be used as a valid tool. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The Relationship between Anxiety Sensitivity and Metacognitive Beliefs with Test Anxiety in Student
sajad taherzade alihasan azizpourian zeynab shakehnia

20.1001.1.18808436.1401.26.3.2.3

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Anxiety sensitivity and Metacognitive beliefs with Test Anxiety among students of Ilam Bakhtar University. The research method in this study is descriptive of correlation. The statistical population of th More

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between Anxiety sensitivity and Metacognitive beliefs with Test Anxiety among students of Ilam Bakhtar University. The research method in this study is descriptive of correlation. The statistical population of this study includes all students of Ilam Bakhtar University that are studying in (1399-1400). Their number is (750). The sample of this study is 256 based on G Power. Students were selected available sampling method. To collect the data, Metacognitive Beliefs Questionnaire (MCQ-30), (Wells & Cartwright-hatton, 2004), Anxiety sensitivity Questionnaire (ASI-R), (Taylor and Cox, 1998) and Test Anxiety Questionnaire (Spilberger, 1980) were used. Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression were used to analyze the data. Findings showed that there is a significant positive relationship between all components of metacognitive beliefs inclouding worry, concerns about uncontrollability and danger,cognitive confidence, need to control thoughts, cognitive self-awareness with test anxiety. Also, There is a significant relationship between anxiety sensitivity and test anxiety in students of Ilam Bakhtar University (r=0.57). Also, the average of regression is significant and the metacognitive beliefs and anxiety sensitivity together can predict 42% of test anxiety. Therefore, it can be conclude that metacognitive beliefs and anxiety sensitivity are important variables in students' test anxiety and the amount of test anxiety increases with increasing anxiety sensitivity and uncontrollability and danger. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The effect of Test Anxiety management training on Mindfulness, Psychological flexibility and Resilience in students with Test Anxiety
saeideh zahed neda nezhadhamdy mehdi arabzadeh reyhane rahimi Fereshteh Cheraghi

20.1001.1.18808436.1401.26.4.3.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of test anxiety management training on the mindfulness, psychological flexibility and resilience in students with test anxiety. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control gr More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of test anxiety management training on the mindfulness, psychological flexibility and resilience in students with test anxiety. The design of this study was quasi-experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group, and the population of the study included all female high school students in Rasht in the academic year of 2019-2020, who after performing a diagnostic test in order to identify students with test anxiety, the 34 participants were assigned randomly in control and experimental groups of 17. Test Anxiety Questionnaire, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, psychological flexibility questionnaire and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were completed, as the pre-test, by both groups, and after nine test anxiety training sessions, were given again to the groups, as the post-test. The data were analyzed by one-way ANCOVA. The results indicated that test anxiety training is effective to improve psychological flexibility and resilience, but no significant effect was observed on mindfulness. These findings have implicit applications for teachers and educators. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - A Comparative Study on Effectiveness of Logotherapy with Acceptance & Commitment Therapy on Death Anxiety and Quality of Life in Women with Breast Surgery Experience
Narges Shamsozan Nasrin Kashefimehr hadi AkbariNejhad

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of logotherapy with acceptance & commitment therapy on death anxiety and quality of life in women with breast surgery experience.This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest, controlled design with More

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of logotherapy with acceptance & commitment therapy on death anxiety and quality of life in women with breast surgery experience.This was a semi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest, controlled design with follow-up. The study population consisted of all women with breast cancer who were undergoing postmastectomy radiotherapy in Tabriz in 2021. In total, 45 women were selected by a purposive sampling method, and divided into three groups, 15 each. The ntervention groups received their respective treatments over 8 sessions of 1.5 hours. The control group did not receive any intervention. The measuring instruments were Templer death anxiety and quality of life questionnaires. Data were analyzed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. The results showed that logotherapy and a acceptance & commitment therapy in comparison with the control group, in the post-test, reduce death anxiety and increase quality of life of women with breast surgery experience, and these results also show a lasting effect in the follow-up stage. Also, these results also show a lasting effect in the follow-up stage. The results also showed that the effect of these two treatments on death anxiety and quality of life in the post-test and follow-up stages were not different. Logotherapy and acceptance & commitment therapy Reduces the death anxiety and increases the quality of life in women with breast surgery experience. Manuscript profile

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15 - Design and test a model of personality relationship with corona dissease anxiety mediated by perceived stress and self-efficacy in adolescents
Elahe Aslami Farzaneh Khani Mehrabadi Azam Tadayon

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and Corona disease anxiety by the mediating effect of perceived stress and self-efficacy among adolescents. Method: In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population comprised More

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and Corona disease anxiety by the mediating effect of perceived stress and self-efficacy among adolescents. Method: In this descriptive correlational study, the statistical population comprised high-school students in Abarkooh (Iran), of whom 318 were selected via random cluster sampling. The Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (Alipour et al. 2019), the five-factor NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1992), The Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al. 1983), and The Self-Efficacy Scale (Sherer et al. 1982) were employed. The proposed model was evaluated by path analysis in AMOS and SPSS. Resalts: The results of direct hypotheses showed that agreeableness, conscientiousness and self-efficacy had a negative and inverse effect and perceived stress had a positive and direct effect on Corona disease anxiety. The results of the study of indirect hypotheses showed that conscientiousness had an indirect and inverse effect on corona disease anxiety mediated by stress and self-efficacy, and neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness had an indirect effect on corona disease anxiety through perceived stress. Conclusion: Therefore, it is possible to reduce the level of corona disease anxiety in adolescents by strengthening self-efficacy as a coping resource and teaching stress management to adolescents and their effect on neuroticism, extraversion and conscientiousness, and use the obtained results in therapeutic interventions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - The Relationship between the Personal Values and Death Anxiety among MS Patients
Omid Hamidi masoud gholamali lavasani

The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between the personal values, and death anxiety among MS patients in Tehran. For this purpose 167 patients (103 female, 64 male) from the Tehran MS Society were selected by random sampling. The instruments used More

The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between the personal values, and death anxiety among MS patients in Tehran. For this purpose 167 patients (103 female, 64 male) from the Tehran MS Society were selected by random sampling. The instruments used in this study were the Schwartz Value Scale (SVS) and the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS). Multivariable regression, Pearson correlation coefficient, and t-test for comparisons between female and male patients were used for data analysis. The results showed that there are significant correlation between personal values and death anxiety and there are significant negative correlations between all subscales of personal values (except for power) with death anxiety. In the prioritization of values, there are significant differences between men and women. Also from the morphological values, conformity, achievement, universalism, and tradition can significantly predict death anxiety. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The Mediating Role of Psychological Distress in the Relationship between Inferential Confusion and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms
Zahra Khosravi Roubiat Mahmoud Najafi

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) in the relationship between inferential confusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The research method was descriptive-correlational (path More

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) in the relationship between inferential confusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The research method was descriptive-correlational (path analysis) and the statistical population of the study was all Social network users (between 20 to 50 years old) in mashhad in year 2022. Using the available sampling method, 345 subjects participated in the research through an online survey. The instruments used in this study include Obsessive-Compulsive Insentory-Revised (OCI-R), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Inferential Confusion Questionnaire (ICQ-EV). Data analysis done through Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis. The findings showed that inferential confusion has a direct and significant relationship with obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Also, psychological distress had a mediating role in the relationship between inferential confusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and the model has a good fit. According to the research results and the mediating role of psychological distress in the relationship between inferential confusion and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, In condition of high psychological distress, the relation of inferential confusion with obsessive-compulsive symptoms is stronger than when the components of depression, anxiety and stress are low. Also, planning to reduce psychological distress can be effective in reducing the effect of inferential confusion on obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - The Psychometric Properties of Benjamin`s Structural Analysis of Social Behavior Questionnaire Introject Surface (Self-Concept)
sara mirzaei feizabadi habib hadian fard Mohammad Reza Taghavi Mehdi Reza Sarafraz

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Benjamin`s (1974) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) questionnaire introject surface (self-concept) in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The study participants were 324 students (185 girls More

The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of Benjamin`s (1974) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) questionnaire introject surface (self-concept) in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. The study participants were 324 students (185 girls and 139 boys) who were studying in the second semester of 2023 academic year, and completed Benjamin`s (1974) Structural Analysis of Social Behavior (SASB) questionnaire introject surfase (self-concept), Beck Depression Inventory-II (1996), Beck Anxiety Inventory (1988) and Beck Suicide Scale Ideation (1988). The Data were analyzed using correlation coefficient, Cronbach`s alpha coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis in SPSS-26 and AMOS-25 software. The results show the reliability of this questionnaire through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Spearman's and Guttman's correlation coefficients in the split-half method, as well as its validity through the convergent coefficients of the dimensions of this questionnaire with other valid tests and finally the construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis confirmed. In general, it can be concluded that Benjamin`s SASB-self-concept (Introject) questionnaire has very good reliability and validity in Iranian students. Manuscript profile

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